Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer-pathology model.

Problematic mobile phone use is characterized by its "impulsive" nature; users engage in it despite their negative attitude toward it. From a behavioral-economic perspective, this attitude-behavior discrepancy is generated by competing contingencies that involve smaller-sooner social reinforcers associated with mobile phone use and larger-later prosocial reinforcers potentially compromised by phone use. Based on this conceptualization, the reinforcer-pathology model of problematic mobile phone use is proposed, which posits that such phone use stems from excessive delay discounting of the social and prosocial reinforcers and/or excessive demand for the social reinforcers. A secondary data analysis of previously published studies was conducted, with the novel addition of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of these data. The results generated evidence that supports the reinforcer-pathology model proposed in this article. Based on the theoretical analyses and accumulated empirical evidence, theory-driven prevention and intervention strategies for problematic mobile phone use are proposed. Overall, the reinforcer-pathology model of problematic mobile phone use provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing this growing issue.

Effectiveness of interventions for mobile phone distracted pedestrians: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Mobile phones are used universally due to their versatility and easy-to-use features; this includes when users are walking and when crossing streets. At intersections, using a mobile phone is a secondary task that can distract from the primary task of scanning the road environment and ensuring it is safe to traverse. Such a distraction has been shown to increase risky pedestrian behavior compared to non-distracted behavior. Developing an intervention to make distracted pedestrians aware of imminent danger is a promising approach to refocus pedestrians on their primary task and avoid incidents. Interventions have already been developed in different parts of the world, such as in-ground flashing lights, painted crosswalks, and mobile phone app-based warning systems. METHOD: A systematic review of 42 articles was performed to determine the effectiveness of such interventions. This review found that three types of interventions are currently developed, with differing evaluations. Interventions based on infrastructure tend to be evaluated based on behavioral change. Mobile phone-based apps tend to be evaluated on their ability to detect obstacles. Legislative changes and education campaigns are not currently evaluated. Further, technological development often occurs independently of pedestrians' needs, reducing the likely safety benefits of such interventions. The interventions related to infrastructure mainly focus on warning pedestrians without considering pedestrian mobile phone use, potentially leading to numerous irrelevant warnings and reduced user acceptance. The lack of a comprehensive and systematic approach to evaluating these interventions is also an issue requiring consideration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review demonstrates that despite significant recent progress surrounding pedestrian distraction, more work is required to identify the most effective interventions to implement. Future studies with a well-designed experimental framework are necessary to compare the different approaches, and warning messages, and ensure the best guidance for road safety agencies.

A meta-analysis of the risk of salivary gland tumors associated with mobile phone use: the importance of correct exposure assessment.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk of developing salivary gland tumors associated with the use of mobile phones. CONTENT: There have been a number of epidemiological studies conducted to assess for a possible association between mobile phone usage and the development of intracranial tumours, however results have been conflicting. We conducted an extensive literature search across four different databases was conducted. After selecting the articles relevant to the area of study, a total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis, with no restrictions set on publication date or language. Studies were qualitatively assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. No significant association between the use of mobile phones and salivary gland tumors was observed (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.86-1.32). No evidence for publication bias was detected. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Our findings indicate no significant association between mobile phone usage and salivary gland tumours. However, there were many limitations encountered in these studies, suggesting that the observed result may not be an accurate estimate of the true carcinogenic risk of mobile phones, especially for heavy long-term users. In fact, the studies included in this meta-analysis highlight the need to correctly define exposure assessment in order to ascertain the risk of a certain variable.

Resolução de conflitos familiares por adolescentes e defesa do domínio pessoal / Adolescents' family conflict resolution and defense of personal domain / Resolución de conflictos familiares por adolescentes y defensa del dominio personal

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)

Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)

Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)

Inequalities in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate social inequalities of Brazilians in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with people who drive (n=23,474) in 2019. The outcomes adopted were cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving, associated with the variables gender, age group, skin color, education and macro-region of housing and analyzed using the slope index of inequality using logistic regression. RESULTS: The inequalities related to alcohol consumption and driving were identified in adults with brown skin color (7.8) linked to the North region (6.8). As for cell phone use while driving, they were higher for the younger age group (19.4) and individuals with higher education (27.1). CONCLUSION: Cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving motor vehicles have social inequalities regarding the age group and education, and skin color and macro-region respectively.

How do traditional media access and mobile phone use affect maternal healthcare service use in Bangladesh? Moderated mediation effects of socioeconomic factors.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to traditional media (TV, radio, and newspapers) and the use of mobile as an interpersonal communication tool allow for a variety of information provision. The purpose of this study is to investigate how women's media and mobile access affect maternal health service (MHS) utilization. The study also aims to look into the moderated mediation effects of socioeconomic variables on the association mentioned above. METHODS: The study analyzed reproductive and media data of 5,011 ever-married women extracted from the latest nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Hierarchical logistic regression and moderated mediation analysis are performed to determine the association. RESULTS: Only 26.9% of women used mobile for health service use, while more than 55% had media access. Media access is significantly associated with all three types of MHS use; mobile usage also has a significant association with antenatal and delivery care. When women have both access to media and mobile, the likelihood of delivering in a health facility increased by 1.82 times (AOR: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.51, 2.20) which is slightly better than having access to only one type of media channel. Women's education, household wealth, place of residence, religion, and current working status are among the socioeconomic factors associated with access to media and mobile. Women's education mediates the relationship of media and MHS; however, the mediation effect of women (ß: .45; LLCI: .21, ULCI: .68) on the association of media and place of delivery is seen to be moderated by household wealth. Women who belong to well-off families moderates positively (Effect: .33, 95%CI: .27, .40) the education effect of media and where to deliver. Place of residence, another moderator, significantly moderates (Effect: .09, BootLLCI: .02, BootULCI: .16) the mediation effect of women's education on the association of media and antenatal care visits; women living in urban areas seems to have positively moderated the education effects on the mentioned association. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of media access and mobile use indicate better utilization of MHS in Bangladesh, and women's education mediates these relationships via the influence of household wealth and area of residence. Therefore, while planning interventions to increase MHS use, its relationships with the media and mobile use should be extrapolated. The collective use of these channels could be a catalyst for the success of health promotion initiatives to improve women's health behaviors, build community capacity, and create mass awareness that supports the optimal use of MHS in Bangladesh.

Impact of air pollution on human activities: Evidence from nine million mobile phone users.

To measure the effects of air pollution on human activities, this study applies statistical/econometric modeling to hourly data of 9 million mobile phone users from six cities in China's Zhejiang Province from December 18 to 21, 2013. Under a change in air quality from "Good" (Air Quality Index, or AQI, between 51 and 100) to "Heavily Polluted" (AQI between 201 to 300), the following effects are demonstrated. (i) Consistent with the literature, for every one million people, 1, 482 fewer individuals are observed at parks, 95% confidence interval or CI (-2, 229, -735), which represents a 15% decrease. (ii) The number of individuals at shopping malls has no statistically significant change. (iii) Home is the most important location under worsening air quality, and for every one million people, 63, 088 more individuals are observed at home, 95% CI (47, 815, 78, 361), which represents a 19% increase. (iv) Individuals are on average 633 meters closer to their home, 95% CI (529, 737); as a benchmark, the median distance from home ranges from 300 to 1900 meters across the cities in our sample. These effects are not due to weather or government regulations. We also provided provisional evidence that individuals engage in inter-temporal activity substitutions within a day, which leads to mitigated (but not nullified) effects of air pollution on daily activities.

mHealth: Potentials and Risks for Addressing Mental Health and Well-Being Issues Among Nepali Adolescents.

Adolescents are slowly being recognized as a generation, worldwide, that may require different policy approaches to improve staggering statistics on their failing well-being, including mental health. By providing the support to allow the next generation to achieve better mental health outcomes, they are going to be more economically successful and the future economic growth of nations can be better assured. Adoption of mobile-based health interventions (e.g., mHealth) has garnered a lot of attention toward this end. While mHealth interventions are growing in popularity, many researchers/policy-makers appear to have neglected assessing potential (indirect) costs/negative consequences from their use. Evidence from the developed world shows strong associations between extensive cell phone use and negative mental health outcomes, but similar research is minimal in developing world contexts. Additionally, the bulk of work on the outcomes of mobile phone use is studied using a unidirectional approach with blinders to front-end motivations. Using primary data from a large-scale, school-based survey of older adolescents in southwestern Nepal (N = 539), this work investigates such a tension between mobile/smartphone usage as a true mobile health (mHealth) opportunity in Nepal or as a potential problem, introducing additional deleterious well-being effects from over-use. Founded in Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT), robust results of analyses using full structural modeling approaches (and traditional regression-based sensitivity analyses) indicate support for the BPNT framework in explaining statistically significant positive associations between bullying and anxiety, as well as, negative associations between bullying and grit, including evidence to support the mediating role of problematic mobile phone use in these relationships. More than 56% of the sample showed indicators of mild to moderate anxiety and over 10% claim experiences of bullying, coupled with over 75% of the sample scoring above the midline of a problematic mobile phone use scale, all of which motivates the relevance of our findings. Potential policy implications of these findings, and mention of other intriguing avenues for future work are further discussed.

Limited Technology Access Among Residents of Affordable Senior Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While U.S. adults living in affordable senior housing represent a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic, affordable housing may provide a foundation for interventions designed to improve technology access to support health. To better understand technology access among residents of affordable senior housing, we surveyed members of a national association of resident service coordinators to assess their experiences working with residents during the pandemic (n = 1,440). While nearly all service coordinators report that most or all residents have reliable phone access, under a quarter report that most or all have reliable internet access; they also report limited access to technology for video calls. Lack of internet access and technology literacy are perceived as barriers to medical visits and food procurement for low-income older adult residents of affordable housing. Policies to expand internet access as well as training and support to enable use of online services are required to overcome these barriers.

Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Part II.

BACKGROUND: Since late 2019, the lives of people across the globe have been disrupted by COVID-19. Millions of people have become infected with the disease, while billions of people have been continually asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is associated with large-scale behavioral and mental health changes; however, few studies have been able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these changes to previous years of data for the same individuals. OBJECTIVE: By combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data in a cohort of college-aged students enrolled in a longitudinal study, we seek to understand the behavioral and mental health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by interest across the United States in the search terms coronavirus and COVID fatigue. METHODS: Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone use, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration, and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported ecological momentary assessments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. The participants were 217 undergraduate students. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Spring 2020 term, as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. RESULTS: Linear mixed models demonstrated differences in phone use, sleep, sedentary time and number of locations visited associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In further models, these behaviors were strongly associated with increased interest in COVID fatigue. When mental health metrics (eg, depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, phone use, sedentary time), both anxiety and depression (P<.001) were significantly associated with interest in COVID fatigue. Notably, these behavioral and mental health changes are consistent with those observed around the initial implementation of COVID-19 lockdowns in the spring of 2020. CONCLUSIONS: In the initial lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent more time on their phones, were more sedentary, visited fewer locations, and exhibited increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. As the pandemic persisted through the spring, people continued to exhibit very similar changes in both mental health and behaviors. Although these large-scale shifts in mental health and behaviors are unsurprising, understanding them is critical in disrupting the negative consequences to mental health during the ongoing pandemic.

Are perceptions of penalties stable across time? The problem of causal ordering in deterrence applied to road safety.

This study addressed the causal ordering problem in deterrence research by examining the perceptual stability of deterrence variables over time and comparing the results via cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys. This research extends upon scant previous research by including three key classical deterrence variables (i.e., the perceived certainty of apprehension and the perceived severity and swiftness of punishment), as well as Homel's (1988) extra-legal deterrence-related variables of the fear of physical loss, material loss and social sanctions. A longitudinal survey design was utilised over a three month-time period (N = 200, Mage = 20.38 years, 71 males) that examined the stability of the deterrence-related variables for three road rule violations, consisting of 1) exceeding the speed limit by more than 10 km/hr, 2) reading a message on a phone while driving and 3) using the social media platform of Snapchat while driving. Overall, fluctuations were found in all the deterrence-related variables (both legal and extra-legal sanctions), with the largest difference being for the perceptions of the certainty of apprehension. Consequently, it can be suggested that: (a) longitudinal surveys are more reliable when measuring the impact of deterrence perceptions on engagement in offending behaviour and (b) the problem of causal ordering regarding utilising cross-sectional surveys is further illuminated. The results suggest that deterrence is a dynamic process, constantly changing based upon individual experiences, which reinforces the need for continued enforcement efforts (both legal and non-legal), within the road safety arena to maximise rule compliance.

Mobile phone use is associated with higher smallholder agricultural productivity in Tanzania, East Africa.

Mobile phone use is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa, spurring a growing focus on mobile phones as tools to increase agricultural yields and incomes on smallholder farms. However, the research to date on this topic is mixed, with studies finding both positive and neutral associations between phones and yields. In this paper we examine perceptions about the impacts of mobile phones on agricultural productivity, and the relationships between mobile phone use and agricultural yield. We do so by fitting multilevel statistical models to data from farmer-phone owners (n = 179) in 4 rural communities in Tanzania, controlling for site and demographic factors. Results show a positive association between mobile phone use for agricultural activities and reported maize yields. Further, many farmers report that mobile phone use increases agricultural profits (67% of respondents) and decreases the costs (50%) and time investments (47%) of farming. Our findings suggest that there are opportunities to target policy interventions at increasing phone use for agricultural activities in ways that facilitate access to timely, actionable information to support farmer decision making.

United but divided: Policy responses and people's perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak.

To understand the public sentiment toward the measures used by policymakers for COVID-19 containment, a survey among representative samples of the population in seven European countries was carried out in the first two weeks of April 2020. The study addressed people's support for containment policies, worries about COVID-19 consequences, and trust in sources of information. Citizens were overall satisfied with their government's response to the pandemic; however, the extent of approval differed across countries and policy measures. A north-south divide in public opinion was noticeable across the European states. It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. Considerable differences in people's attitudes were noticed within countries, especially across individual regions and age groups. The findings suggest that the epidemic acts as a stressor, causing health and economic anxieties even in households that were not directly affected by the virus. At the same time, the burden of stress was unequally distributed across regions and age groups. Based on the data collected, we draw lessons from the containment stage and identify several insights that can facilitate the design of lockdown exit strategies and future containment policies so that a high level of compliance can be expected.

Mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists: prevalence and influencing factors.

OBJECTIVE: Indonesia is one of many developing countries that relies on motorcycles as a major mode of transportation. Unfortunately, the widespread use of motorcycles in Indonesia coincides with a high number of motorcycle accidents which can often be attributed to unsafe behaviors of the motorcyclist. One unsafe behavior that is common and hypothetically associated with accidents is the use of a mobile phone while motorcycling. The aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence and behavior of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists and the factors that might have influenced their behavior. METHODS: Five hundred Indonesian motorcyclists voluntarily participated in this study by filling out a questionnaire that gathered demographic data, motorcycling behaviors, and a statement related to what factors might influence their likelihood to use a mobile phone while motorcycling. A descriptive statistic and Structural Equation Modeling were applied in analyzing the data. RESULTS: Results showed that the prevalence of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists was 75%. The demographic data that significantly influenced mobile phone use during motorcycling were age, education level, marital status, and number of children. Occupation, gender, and prior experiences that included accidents and tickets with fines did not influence the use of mobile phones during motorcycling. The behavioral model showed that the factors that influenced motorcyclist's intentions to avoid mobile phone use during motorcycling were attitude, perceived behavioral control, and cues to action. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports previous findings regarding the high prevalence of mobile phone use among motorcyclists in developing countries. The models implied that further investigation on intervention strategy to minimize mobile phone use during motorcycling is a necessity.

COVID-19 and distance socializing between people living in a residential facility and caregivers in the context of a visitors ban

SUMMARY OF THE REQUEST: The objective of this rapid response is to spotlight various ways that are being used or that could potentially be used to foster social interactions between caregivers and vulnerable people at a time when no visits are allowed at hospitals, residential and long-term care centres, seniors' residences and at intermediary resources and family-type resources. METHODOLOGY: Review methods: The data came from a variety of sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Google (websites). Various combinations of key words, in English and French, were used. For example: Proches aidants (proches, caregivers); Hébergement (long-term care, nursing homes, youth protection services, Ehpad); Isolement, isolement social, distanciation sociale, confinement, distance; Personnes âgées, incapacités, hospitalisation (elderly, older, disabled, hospitalized); Communication, vidéoconférence; Coronavirus, covid-19. TECHNOLOGY: o A study published in 2017 shows that digital communication technologies such as the Internet could promote social connectivity, thereby reducing the rate of social isolation and loneliness. In Quebec, 92% of households had a residential Internet connection in 2018; however, among people aged 65 and over, this percentage was only 81%. In addition, Internet access in hospitals, residential and long-term care centres, seniors' residences and at intermediary resources and family-type resources may be limited. Considering that digital literacy levels and access to tools vary widely, there is a part of the population for whom technological means are not available. It is appropriate to coach some people in order to facilitate their use of technology (as suggested above). It is important to provide access to a computer, tablet or smartphone to people who do not have these devices so that they can get in touch with their loved ones. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INSTITUTIONS (FACILITIES) AND CAREGIVERS: Institutions (facilities) may glean some ideas from the following suggestions: Keep loved ones up to date on the situation by using listserv emails. Set up a telephone line to provide a recorded report on the current operation of the facility and update it frequently (e.g., every day). Assign someone to act as a primary contact who can be easily reached by a resident's loved ones. This contact person needs to communicate frequently with a designated loved one to provide updates on the resident's status, particularly if the resident is unable to communicate on his/her own. Share general information or news releases via the Facebook page of the institution or facility. SUPPORT SERVICES FOR ISOLATED PEOPLE AND THEIR LOVED ONES: Consideration should be given to some of the support services as a way of helping isolated people counter the harmful effects of their isolation; these include: Telephone helplines. Online cognitive-behavioural therapy to reduce loneliness and promote psychological well-being in people living in a residential facility. Telephone support services that are normally available to caregivers continue to remain accessible during the current crisis. Examples include: National Dementia Helpline (Australia). Centre de soutien entr'Aidants (Quebec). Ligne info-aidants par l'appui.org (Quebec). There are also online support services for caregivers. For example: Canadian Caregiver Network, for the loved ones of people suffering from dementia.

COVID-19 et la socialisation à distance entre les personnes hébergées et les proches aidants en contexte d'interdiction de visite / COVID-19 and long-distance socialization between residents and caregivers in the context of a visit ban

RÉSUMÉ DE LA DEMANDE: L'objectif de cette réponse rapide est de mettre en évidence les différentes manières qui sont utilisées ou qui pourraient potentiellement être utilisées pour favoriser les interactions sociales entre les soignants et les personnes vulnérables à un moment où aucune visite n'est autorisée dans les hôpitaux, les résidences et les établissements de longue durée. centres de soins de longue durée, résidences pour personnes âgées et ressources intermédiaires et ressources de type familial. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Méthodes d'examen: Les données provenaient de diverses sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Google (sites Web). Diverses combinaisons de mots clés, en anglais et en français, ont été utilisées. Par exemple: Proches aides (proches, soignants); Hébergement (soins de longue durée, maisons de soins infirmiers, services de protection de la jeunesse, Ehpad); Isolement, isolement social, distanciation sociale, confinement, distance; Personnes âgées, incapacités, hospitalisation (personnes âgées, âgées, handicapées, hospitalisées); Communication, vidéoconférence; Coronavirus (COVID-19. TECHNOLOGIE: o Une étude publiée en 2017 montre que les technologies de communication numérique comme Internet pourraient promouvoir la connectivité sociale, réduisant ainsi le taux d'isolement social et de solitude. Au Québec, 92% des ménages avaient une connexion Internet résidentielle en 2018; cependant, chez les personnes de 65 ans et plus, ce pourcentage n'était que de 81%. De plus, l'accès à Internet dans les hôpitaux, les centres de soins de longue durée et résidentiels, les résidences pour personnes âgées et les ressources intermédiaires et les ressources de type familial peut être limité. Étant donné que les niveaux d'alphabétisation numérique et l'accès aux outils varient considérablement, il existe une partie de la population pour laquelle les moyens technologiques ne sont pas disponibles. Il convient de coacher certaines personnes afin de faciliter leur utilisation de la technologie (comme suggéré ci-dessus). Il est important de donner accès à un ordinateur, une tablette ou un smartphone aux personnes qui ne disposent pas de ces appareils afin qu'elles puissent entrer en contact avec leurs proches. COMMUNICATION ENTRE LES INSTITUTIONS (INSTALLATIONS) ET LES AIDANTS: Les institutions (installations) peuvent glaner des idées parmi les suggestions suivantes: Tenez vos proches au courant de la situation en utilisant les courriels de la liste de diffusion. Mettre en place une ligne téléphonique pour fournir un rapport enregistré sur le fonctionnement actuel de l'installation et le mettre à jour fréquemment (par exemple, tous les jours). Attribuer à quelqu'un le rôle de principal contact facilement accessible par les proches d'un résident. Cette personne-ressource doit communiquer fréquemment avec un être cher désigné pour fournir des mises à jour sur le statut du résident, en particulier si le résident est incapable de communiquer par lui-même. Partagez des informations générales ou des communiqués de presse via la page Facebook de l'institution ou de l'établissement. SERVICES DE SOUTIEN POUR LES PERSONNES ISOLÉES ET LEURS AIMÉS: Il faudrait envisager certains des services de soutien comme moyen d'aider les personnes isolées à contrer les effets néfastes de leur isolement; il s'agit notamment: Des lignes d'assistance téléphonique. Thérapie cognitivo-comportementale en ligne pour réduire la solitude et promouvoir le bien-être psychologique des personnes vivant dans un établissement résidentiel. Les services de soutien téléphonique qui sont normalement disponibles pour les aidants naturels restent accessibles pendant la crise actuelle. Exemples: National Dementia Helpline (Australie). Centre de soutien entr'Aidants (Québec). Ligne info-aidants par l'appui.org (Québec). Il existe également des services d'assistance en ligne pour les soignants. Par exemple: Canadian Caregiver Network, pour les proches des personnes atteintes de démence.

La Nomofobia y el comportamiento sexual de los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Facultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales de la UNEMI / Nomophobia and sexual behavior of the students of the Nursing career of the Faculty of Health and Social Services of UNEMI

INTRODUCCIÓN: la nomofobia es el miedo irracional de no estar en contacto constante con el teléfono celular. La tecnología ha ocasionado un cambio colosal en la forma de relacionarse socialmente, esta a su vez afecta en el comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes debido a la exposición regular que tienen al internet. El sexting es una de las actividades más frecuentes practicadas por los jóvenes adultos, consiste en enviar fotos o contenido sexual a otro teléfono celular, el problema que se genera al enviar material con este contenido es que se puede viralizar fácilmente en la internet. El Objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el nivel de nomofobia y el comportamiento sexual que persiste en los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Facultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales de la UNEMI. MATERIAL y METODOS: la investigación fue descriptiva, cuantitativa, de corte transversal. Se obtuvo una muestra de 283 estudiantes de 1ero a 8vo semestre, realizando una encuesta virtual que cuenta con 29 preguntas, estas se dividen en 5 categorías para comprobar el porcentaje de: Síntomas -Adicción, Uso-Social, Rasgos-Frikis, Nomofobia y la Escala total de Adicción. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje general varía dependiendo de las respuestas el 36.15% tiene un grado de adicción bajo y el 26.27% de los estudiantes cuentan con un nivel de adicción media-alta. CONCLUSION: la nomofobia afecta en gran parte a los jóvenes por el uso excesivo que le dan a las Redes Sociales, así como también la utilización de diversas aplicaciones y por llevar una vida sexual activa, estos son los factores que con la tecnología atribuyen a la dependencia al teléfono celular. La prevalencia de estudiantes con nomofobia está presente en 1ero y 2do semestre, ellos cuentan con mayor disponibilidad de tiempo libre.

INTRODUCTION: nomophobia is the irrational fear of not being in constant contact with the cell phone. Technology has caused a colossal change in the way of relating socially, this in turn affects the sexual behavior of young people due to regular exposure to the internet. Sexting is one of the most frequent activities practiced by young adults, it consists of sending photos or sexual content to another cell phone, the problem generated by sending material with this content is that it can be easily viralized on the internet. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze the level of nomophobia and the sexual behavior that persists in the students of the Nursing degree of the Faculty of Health and Social Services of UNEMI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the research was descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional.A sample of 283 students from 1st to 8th semester was obtained, conducting a virtual survey that has 29 questions, these are divided into 5 categories to check the percentage of: Symptoms -Addition, Use-Social, Traits-Geeks, Nomophobia and Total Addiction Scale. RESULTS: the general percentage varies depending on the answers, 36.15% have a low level of addiction and 26.27% of the students have a medium-high addiction scale. CONCLUSIONS: nomophobia affects young people in large part due to the excessive use they give to Social Networks, as well as the use of various applications and for leading an active sexual life, these are the factors that with technology they attribute to dependence on cell phone. The prevalence of students with nomophobia is present in 1st and 2nd semester, they have greater availability of free time.

Rethinking Food Production: Nexus of Mobile Phones and Production Cost Minimization.

Information and communication technologies are a ready tool for all strata of society and are indeed redefining the way almost everything is done. Mobile phone technology, in particular, plays a vital role in expediting improvement in the efficiency of the household resource through access to information on various available technologies. Can mobile phones improve the cost efficiency of agricultural production? Comprehension of such effect is critical, especially in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. We addressed this topic using cross-sectional data from smallholder maize producers in Zambia. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis was applied to estimate cost efficiency. The results indicate that mobile phone use improves the cost efficiency of maize production significantly and as such, adopters have made a rational decision to adopt mobile phone use for information access. Precisely, we found a 10.2% efficiency gap in favor of users. Nevertheless, if non-users were to adopt mobile phones for agricultural information access, maize production per hectare would increase by 21.38%. Eventually, food production would be increased in an environmentally friendly manner and the price of maize would be set at a competitive price within the region because agricultural inputs would be allocated cost efficiently. Therefore, in an attempt to minimize production cost in food production, this study strongly endorses the use of mobile phones for agricultural information access.

A cluster analysis of text message users based on their demand for text messaging: A behavioral economic approach.

The goal of this study was to determine whether cluster analysis could be used to identify distinct subgroups of text message users based on behavioral economic indices of demand for text messaging. Cluster analysis is an analytic technique that attempts to categorize cases based on similarities across selected variables. Participants completed a questionnaire about mobile phone usage and a hypothetical texting demand task in which they indicated their likelihood of paying an extra charge to continue to send text messages. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted on behavioral economic indices, such as demand intensity, demand elasticity, breakpoint, and the maximum expenditure. With the cluster analysis, we identified 3 subgroups of text message users. The groups were characterized by (a) high intensity and low elasticity, (b) high intensity and medium elasticity, and (c) low intensity and high elasticity. In a demonstration of convergent validity, there were statistically significant and conceptually meaningful differences across the subgroups in various measures of mobile phone use and text messaging. Cluster analysis is a useful tool for identifying and profiling distinct, practically meaningful groups based on behavioral indices and could provide a framework for targeting interventions more efficiently.